To make gluten free: Use an equal amount of your favourite, good quality gluten free flour blend in place of the all-purpose flour.
To make dairy free: Substitute your favourite plant-based option for the whole milk in this recipe.
Oil: You could substitute melted and cooled coconut oil for the vegetable oil. The muffins will not be as moist if using butter.
Pumpkin pie spice: You can use pumpkin pie spice if you have it to replace the nutmeg, ginger and cloves but be sure to keep the 2 teaspoons cinnamon for a deeper, richer flavour.
Make mini muffins: Bake at the same temperature for 12-13 minutes.
Storage: Cover tightly and store on the counter for up to a week, in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks or freeze for up to 3 months. Thaw overnight in the refrigerator, then warm in the microwave if desired.